In the Pali Canon's Buddhavamsa[2] the Ten Perfections (dasa pāramiyo) are (original terms in Pali):
- Dāna parami : generosity, giving of oneself
- Sīla parami : virtue, morality, proper conduct
- Nekkhamma parami : renunciation
- Paññā parami : transcendental wisdom, insight
- Viriya (also spelt vīriya) parami : energy, diligence, vigour, effort
- Khanti parami : patience, tolerance, forbearance, acceptance, endurance
- Sacca parami : truthfulness, honesty
- Adhiṭṭhāna (adhitthana) parami : determination, resolution
- Mettā parami : loving-kindness
- Upekkhā (also spelt upekhā) parami : equanimity, serenity
Two of the above virtues, Metta and Upekkha, also comprise two of the Four Immeasurables (Brahmavihara).
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This is the first ranking based upon scientific evidence of harm to both individuals and society. It was devised by government advisers - then ignored by ministers because of its controversial findings